The Emerging Medical Science is committed to maintaining the highest standards of accuracy and integrity in its publications accordance with the COPE Guidelines. To address errors that occur after the proofreading process, we provide the following correction mechanisms.

Errata refer to minor errors that do not affect the overall scientific validity or conclusions of a published article, such as misspellings, dropped words or lines, mislabeling in figures, and typographical errors. To request an erratum, authors must email the editorial office at editor@emspub.com, providing the necessary corrections based on the last proofread version.

Corrigenda address errors made by authors that do not alter the basic results or conclusions of a published article. To request a corrigendum, authors must email the editorial office. Corrections must be minor and not involve the addition of new data. For scientific corrections or authorship issues, all parties involved must agree in writing to publication of the Correction. For omitted authors, letters signed by all authors and the omitted author are required. The handling editor will be consulted as necessary.

The journal adheres to the following guiding principles: corrections will be published promptly and openly, errors will be corrected in a way that maintains the integrity of the original publication, and the journal reserves the right to decide whether an erratum or corrigendum is necessary.

To request an erratum or corrigendum, please email the editorial office at editor@emspub.com.

Retractions

Retractions are evaluated by the journal's editorial team when there is evidence of data unreliability, plagiarism, duplicate submission, or unethical research practices. In cases where an article is under investigation, we may issue an expression of concern.

The retracted online article will be replaced with a version that retains only the metadata, accompanied by a retraction note in place of the original content. The PDF may either be removed or replaced with a version marked "Retracted." Additionally, a formal retraction notice will be published in the print edition.