Background: Postpartum anemia is a critical complication in the immediate postpartum period, significantly contributing to maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income coun

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage is the most common cause of maternal death in developing countries. Since no known risk factors are observed in a number of women who experience postpartum hemorrhage

Background: Copper and Magnesium are essential for development of the fetus and maternal health. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of serum copper in pregnant women in Urmia and its a