Incidence of Intraoperative and Postoperative Complications Among Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Retrospective Analysis from a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a prevalent surgical intervention for gallbladder pathologies. However, its adoption introduced a novel profile of intraoperative and postoperative complications in conditions like symptomatic cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. This study aimed to evaluate the spectrum and incidence of these complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the Department of Surgery, SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, between December 2022 and December 2023. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were extracted from patient records following informed consent. Results: The majority of patients (30%) were aged 40-60 years (mean age 50.6 ± 8.1 years), with a predominance of females (59%). The mean body mass index was 23.33 ± 2.26 kg/m². Pre-existing comorbidities included smoking (21%), diabetes mellitus (19%), and hypertension (11%). The mean operative time was 50.25 ± 4.75 minutes. Symptomatic gallstones were the primary indication for surgery (56%). The most frequent intraoperative complication was trocar site bleeding (8%), while surgical site infection was the most common postoperative complication (5%). Conclusions: Despite the occurrence of some intraoperative and postoperative complications, laparoscopic cholecystectomy demonstrates low mortality and morbidity rates, establishing it as a safe procedure with favorable outcomes for the management of gallbladder diseases.