Inter-Relation between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in Asia

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM) and hypertension (HTN) are most commonly inter-related. Diabetic patients are at a high risk of developing uncontrolled blood pressure leading to other complications like cardio vascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The risk factors are ageing, obesity, dyslipidaemia, sedentary lifestyle, urbanization, and smoking. A keen comprehension of these interconnected factors will assist in prevention and management. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of HTN in diabetic patients in Asia to establish the inter-relationship to make the general public aware of the condition. The question that we aimed to answer was:” What is the relationship between T2DM and HTN and other variables causing morbidity?”. A total of 27103 studies were retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase in the period 2014 to 2024 out of which finally 12 studies were considered. HTN prevalence was found to be the highest among T2DM patients in Kuwait and China (87.16% each). Saudi (23%) reported the lowest prevalence followed by Iran (36.1%). The majority of studies reported higher prevalence in females in comparison to males. Factors such as obesity, dyslipidaemia, and low physical activity proved to be the key drivers in the development and progression of diabetes along with urbanization.  HTN is a global burden and there has been a strong correlation between T2DM and HTN. Awareness, timely diagnosis and lifestyle modification can prove to be extremely beneficial in appropriate management of the condition and avert mortality.